Finite element analysis of the effect of plate placement angle on cervical spine stability in anterior cervical fusion surgery / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#Using the method of finite element analysis, to compare the biomechanical properties between the plate deviating from the long axis of the cervical spine and the standard placement of the plate in the anterior cervical fusion surgery.@*METHODS@#A healthy female volunteer was selected and CT scan (C@*RESULTS@#The lower cervical spine (C@*CONCLUSION@#Little effect on the mechanical stability of the cervical spine was anticipated when the anterior cervical plate was not perfectly aligned with the long axis of the cervical spine. If the tilt of the plate in clinical surgery is less than 20°, there is no need to readjust the position of the plate.

Comparison of invasive dynamic blood pressure between superior mesenteric artery and common carotid artery in rats / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the consistency of invasive dynamic blood pressure (BP) monitoring between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the common carotid artery (CCA). METHODS: Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated in SMA and CCA simultaneously for BP monitoring, respectively. The abdominal aorta was prepared for the induction of BP change through clamping/de-clamping by a microvascular clip. The dynamic BP monitoring was performed by a polygraph system. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values would be recorded during different time periods: the baseline (T1), the increasing period after clamping (T2), the platform period during clamping (T3), the decreasing period after de-clamping (T4), and the final platform period (T5). Three trials were performed on each rat with 15-minute intervals between consecutive monitoring. RESULTS: Systolic BP showed no significant differences between SMA and CCA. However, significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure except at T5 (P=0.534). Mean arterial pressure of two arteries were signifi cantly different only at T1 (P=0.015). The strength of association was significantly high between BP measurements through SMA and CCA (P<0.001). The Bland- Altman analyses showed that mean bias of MAP changed no more than 5 mmHg and standard deviation less than 8 mmHg during T2 and T4, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study indicates SMA might be an alternative site for invasive BP monitoring during abdominal aorta occlusion and release, especially in cerebrovascular-related research.

Study on quantification method of non-starch polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum / 中国中药杂志

The non-starch polysaccharides,mainly composed of glucomannans,are the major bioactive compounds in Dendrobium catenatum. In order to evaluate the quality of the medicinal materials and guide the production and processing,a quantification method of non-starch polysaccharides was established by stems of D. catenatum C15 strain collected from the pear epiphytic cultivation. The non-starch polysaccharides were obtained by " water extraction,α-amylase pretreatment,and alcohol precipitation once" method. The contents of starches,non-starch polysaccharides and monosaccharides were analyzed. In addition,the system suitability was tested. Compared with method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition),the contents of total polysaccharides,glucose,and mannose were decreased by 20. 9%,58. 8% and 1. 6% respectively. The method effectively digested starch and retained non-starch polysaccharides,and the analysis result was accurate and repeatable. Therefore,it is suitable for the content measurement of non-starch polysaccharides of D. catenatum. Furthermore,it could be an alternative method for quality control of D. catenatum and a reference in the determination of non-starch polysaccharides in other starch-containing medicinal materials.

Ganoderma triterpenoids from aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum / 中国中药杂志

A new triterpenoid and 18 analogues were isolated from the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum by column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC. The new compound was elucidated as 2β-acetoxy-3β,25-dihydroxy-7,11,15-trioxo-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid on the basis of analyses of extensive spectroscopic data and its physicochemical properties. Comparison of NMR data with those reported in literature, the known analogues were determined as ganoderic acid H (2), 12β-acetoxy-3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (3), ganoderenic acid D (4),ganoderic acid C1 (5),ganoderic acid G (6),3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (7),ganoderic acid B (8),ganoderic acid C6 (9),3β,15α-dihydroxy-7,11,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid (10),ganoderic acid A (11),ganolucidic acid A (12),lucidenic acid E2 (13),lucidenic acid N (14),lucidenic acid P (15), lucidenic acid B (16),lucidenic acid A (17),lucidenic acid C (18),and lucidenic acid L (19), respectively. Compound 1 is new compound and compounds 2-19 have been reported from G. lucidum. The present study enriches the knowledge of the chemical constituent of G. lucidum and completes chemical investigation of water decoction that is traditional use of G. lucidum.

A novel 12, 23-epoxy dammarane saponin from Panax notoginseng / 中国天然药物

The present study investigated the chemical constituents of the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by the extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidences. A novel 12, 23-epoxy dammarane-type saponin, named epoxynotoginsenoside A (1), together with four known compounds (2-5), was isolated and characterized.

Saccharide mapping and its application in quality control of polysaccharides from Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

Polysaccharides with multiple biological activities are usually considered as one of the major bioactive compounds in Chinese medicines (CMs). At present, the development of drug and functional foods related to polysaccharides have attracted a great deal of attention due to their great potential effects and diverse action mechanisms. However, quality control of polysaccharides is the bottleneck and a challenge due to their complexity and chemical diversity. Actually, the bioactivities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular structures. In order to ensure their safety and efficacy, the development of novel approaches based on the molecular structures for the improvement of quality control of polysaccharides is significantly important. Therefore, in this article, the relationship between biological activities and chemical structures, as well as the action mechanisms of polysaccharides from CMs were summarized first. Furthermore, saccharide mapping, a novel strategy for quality control of bioactive polysaccharides from CMs, was introduced and the application and perspectives were also discussed.

Forecast on shelf life of Chinese Angelica based on its chemical components variation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To predict the shelf life of Chinese Angelica by investigating the stability of its active components.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The classic homeothermia method was used for forecast the shelf life, and HPLC was applied for quantitative determination of chemical compounds in Chinese Angelica.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The correlation equations, thermal constant at ambient temperature (k(25 degrees C)) and shelf life (t(0.9)) for coniferyl ferulate and Z-Ligustilide were lgk = -5152. 1/T + 13.8 (r = 0.9985), 3. 33 x 10(-4), 13 d and lgk = -4064.6/T + 10.4 (r = 0.9997), 5.91 x 10(-4), 7 d, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The shelf life of Chinese Angelica has been established, which suggests that it is very important for ensuring the safety and efficacy of Chinese crude drug.</p>

Cytotoxicity evaluation of biodegradable polylactic acid-chitin plates in osteosynthesis in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the cytotoxicity of polylactic acid-chitin plates in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytotoxicity of polylactic acid-chitin plates was evaluated with MTT assay and direct contact assay using the cell line L929 in vitro. L929 cells were cultured with different concentrations of the extracts of polylactic acid-chitin plates (0, 50% and 100%, V/V) in vitro, and MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation at 2, 4 and 7 days. The morphologic changes of the cells were observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT assay revealed that the extracts of polylactic acid-chitin plates enhanced the cell proliferation (P<0.01), but not in a dose-dependent manner (P>0.05). In the direct contact assay, no side effects were found in regard to the cell growth, proliferation and attachment to the polylactic acid-chitin plates as compared with the negative control. The cytotoxicity grade of polylactic acid-chitin plates was 0 or 1, suggesting that the material was almost free of cytotoxicity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polylactic acid-chitin plate possesses ideal cellular compatibility, and therefore has great potential for clinical use as an internal bone fixation material.</p>

RP-HPLC characteristics of Panax notoginseng / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To develop the chemical characteristics of Panax notoginseng in order to control its quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The samples was extracted using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The data were evaluated using the "similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM" software (version 2004A).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The chromatographic characteristics of 28 Panax notoginseng from different places were established using HPLC-DAD, and 8 peaks among 13 typical ones in the chromatograms were identified by comparing with their reference compounds. The similarity of different samples was high (0.982 +/- 0.008, RSD = 0.78%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chromatographic characteristics are useful to control the quality of Panax notoginseng.</p>

Study on analytical method for alkaloids in Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a HPLC-ELSD method for the quantitation of peimisine in Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC equipped with ELSD was used for the analysis of peimisine in Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. The separation of peimisine was achieved on a reversed-phase Agilent Hypersil BDS-C18 column with an isocratic phase system consisting of acetonitrile-water-diethylamine (37:63:0. 03) under a flow rate at 1.0 mL x min(-1). Temperature for the detector drift tube was 115 degrees C. The air gas flow rate was 3.0 L x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The analysis of peimissine showed good linearity between 0.031 88 - 1.020 mg x mL(-1). The average recovery was 102.1% (n = 5) with RSD 3.86%. According to the results of the 33 different Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae obtained from various origins, the content limit of peimisine was determined to be 0.0070%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The assay was successfully utilized to quantify the major biologically active alkaloid in four species of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. The developed method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive for determining the content of peimisine in crude Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.</p>

The fingerprint of Ezhu by GC-MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the fingerprint of Ezhu by GC-MS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>GC-MS analysis was performed for 18 samples of three species of Curcuma used as Ezhu. TIC profiles were evaluated by "Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System" (MATLAB5.3 based, Ver. 1.240, developed by Research Center for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Central South University). The characteristic peaks in chromatograms were identified by comparing mass data with literatures. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed by SPSS based on the relative peak area (RPA) of identified peak to germacrone in 18 samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Resemblance values of 18 samples of Ezhu were pretty low. The mutual mode fingerprint plots of Ezhu were failed to develop. However, 18 samples were divided into two main clusters based on hierarchical clustering analysis, Curcuma wenyujin cluster and Curcuma phaeocaulis cluster, but the samples of Curcuma kwangsiensis were dispersive. Therefore, based on hierarchical clustering analysis, two mutual mode fingerprint plots of Curcuma wenyujin and Curcuma phaeocaulis were developed. But that of Curcuma kwangsiensis was failed because of low resemblance among samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutual mode fingerprint is the basis for quality control of Chinese materia medica from multi-origins. Development of GC-MS fingerprint of Ezhu was failed, which indicates that the chemical components in different species of herbs used as one Chinese materia medica may be significantly different. The relationship of chemical components and pharmacological activities should be further studied so as to elucidate the rationality of Chinese materia medica from multi-origins.</p>

Pressurized solvent extraction in quality control of Chinese herb / 中国中药杂志

Pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) is a new extraction technology which has been developed in recent years and widely used as sample analysis in environmental, food and pharmaceutical fields. Extraction technique is a key technology in quality control of Chinese herb. Conventional extraction techniques have been a bottleneck of blocking the development of quality control of Chinese herb. This article attempts to review the basic principle, methods, apparatus and main characteristics of PSE and its applications to quality control of Chinese herb.

Simultaneous determination of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases from natural and cultured Cordyceps by pressurized solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a simple method for simultaneous determination of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases in Cordyceps by HPLC coupled with pressurized solvent extraction (PSE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The extraction was performed by using PSE and the PSE condition was optimized by using orthogonal test, the contents of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases in Cordyceps were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimized condition of PSE extraction for ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases in Cordyceps was obtained as follow: solvent, methanol; temperature, 160 degrees C; static extraction time, 5 min; pressure, 10 MPa and one extraction cycle and one time. A ZORBAX NH2 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) and a ZORBAX NH2 guard column (12.5 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) were used for simultaneous determination of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases. Solvents that constituted the mobile phase were A (acetonitrile) and B (10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate in water). The elution conditions applied were: 0 -5.0 min, linear gradient 0 --> 15% B; 5.0-25.0 min, linear gradient 15% --> 20% B; 25.0 - 35.0 min, linear gradient 20% --> 40% B; 35.0 - 45.0 min, linear gradient 40% --> 80% B; 45.0 -50.0 min, 80% B isocratic. The flow-rate was 0. 6 mL x min(-1) and the injection volume was 20 microL. The system operated at 25 degrees C. Ergosterol was monitored and quantified at 275 nm, nucleosides and their bases at 254 nm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High performance liquid chromatography coupled with pressurized solvent extraction is a rapid and simple method for simultaneous determination of ergosterol, nucleosides and their bases in Cordyceps.</p>